top of page
Nick_org.jpg

Professor Nicholas S.K. Fung 馮兆基教授

Deputy Director of Admissions

入學事務部副總監

Clinical Assistant Professor

臨床助理教授

Honorary Associate Consultant (Ophthalmology), Queen Mary Hospital

瑪麗醫院名譽副教授顧問(眼科)

Honorary Associate Consultant (Ophthalmology), Grantham Hospital

葛量洪醫院名譽副教授顧問(眼科)

 

BA (Wesleyan University), MBChB (CUHK), MRCS (Edinburgh) FCOphthHK, FHKAM (Ophthalmology)   

Phone 電話

(852) 2518 1430 / (852) 3962 1405

Email 電郵

nfung@hku.hk

The HKU Scholars Hub 香港大學學術庫

HKU Scholars Hub

ORCID

0000-0001-7181-0834

About Professor Fung 關於馮教授

Professor Nicholas Fung graduated from Wesleyan University (BA) followed by graduate studies at Harvard University before returning to Hong Kong for his medical studies (MBChB) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2000. He has been working in ophthalmology at Queen Mary Hospital and Grantham Hospital since 2008.  Apart from general ophthalmology, his focus in ophthalmology is in vitreoretinal diseases and surgery.

​

As the founder and principal investigator of the Retina Clinical Trial Lab, Professor Fung’s research areas in medical retina, include landmark International collaboration studies on age related macular degeneration, diabetic maculopathy, retinal vascular diseases, and polypoidal chorioretinopathy, bringing multiple anti VEGF treatments into Hong Kong.  His research in surgical retina include retinal detachment and macular diseases from macular hole to epiretinal membranes.  After joining HKU as a clinical assistant professor, he continues to promote and deliver his research around the world at various International and Regional ophthalmology conferences as well as on local Hong Kong media.  His surgical interests have also led to the introduction of the first digital microscope into Hong Kong and SE Asia in 2020 as well as delivering paediatric retinal service.

​

Professor Fung’s recent work with teaching in HKU also lead to the introduction of virtual reality and simulation into the medical students’ curriculum.  He is also the deputy director of admissions for the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine at HKU.

Memberships & Posts 會員和職位

  • American Academy of Ophthalmology - member   American Society of Retina Specialists - member

  • Asia Pacific Ophthalmic Trauma Society - member

  • Association for Research in Vision and ophthalmology - member

  • Canadian Ophthalmological Society - member

  • Canadian Retinal Society - member

  • Frontiers in Ophthalmology - Editor on Editorial board of Retina 

  • Clinical Assistant Professor (The University of Hong Kong, Since Jan 2019)

  • Adjunct Assistant Professor (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University), Since Jan 2019)

  • Consultant, Hong Kong University Shenzhen Hospital department of Ophthalmology (Since Jan 2019)

  • Hospital Authority, Queen Mary Hospital & Grantham Hospital (Since July 2008)

Active ongoing Research 積極進行研究

Principal Investigator in International multicenter Clinical trials 國際多中心臨床試驗首席研究員

Age Related Macular Degeneration 年齡相關黃斑變性（黃斑變） 

  • Oculis (DX219): A Phase 2/3 Double-Masked, Randomized, 2-stage, Multicenter Study of the Efficacy and Safety of OCS-01 Eye Drops in Subjects With Diabetic Macular Edema (IRB UW-22-692) - on going (Oculis SA)

  • Salween (MR43808): A Phase IIIb/IV, multicenter, open label, single arm study to invesitigate the efficacy and safety of faricimab (RO6867461) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy - on going (Roche)

  • DIAGRID (MR42410): A Phase IIIB, Multicentered, Randomized, visual assessor-masked study of the effectivement and safetly of a 36 week refill regimen for the port delivery system with ranibizumab vs aflibercept treat & extend in subjects with neovascular Age-related macular degeneration - on going (Roche)

  • (ONL1204-GA-001): A Phase 1b Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Multi-dose Study of the Safety and Tolerability of ONL1204 Ophthalmic Solution in Patients with Geographic Atrophy (GA) Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) - on going (ONL Therapeutics) 

  • Avonelle-X (X/GR42691): A Multicenter, open-label extension study to evaluate the long term safety and tolerability of Faricimab in patients with Neovascular age-related macular degeneration - (Sponsored by Roche Holding AG)

  • AMGEN (20170542): A Randomized, Double-masked, Phase 3 Study of ABP 938 Efficacy and Safety Compared to Aflibercept (Eylea®) in Subjects with Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration - (Sponsored by AMGEN Inc)

  • Everest & Planet follow up study: To determine long-term outcomes, recurrence rates, and treatment needs in PCV - (in collaboration with Singapore Eye Research Institute)

  • LUCERNE (40844): A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active comparator controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Faricimab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration - (Sponsored by Roche Holding AG)

  • PANDA: A Multicenter, Double-Masked, Randomized, Dose-Ranging Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Conbercept Intravitreal Injection in Subjects with Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration – completed 2021 (Sponsored by Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceuticals)

  • CEDAR/SEQUOIA: Safety and Efficacy of Abicipar Pegol (AGN-150998) in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration - completed 2019 (Sponsored by Allergan)

  • PLANET: A randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled phase 3b/4 study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy compared to aflibercept with adjunctive photodynamic therapy as indicated in subjects with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (Aflibercept) - completed 2018 (Sponsored by Bayer AG)

  • EVEREST2: A 24-month, phase IV, randomized, double masked, multicenter study of ranibizumab monotherapy or ranibizumab in combination with verteporfin photodynamic therapy on visual outcome in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy - completed 2017 (Sponsored by Novartis International AG)

 

Diabetic Macular Diseases 糖尿病黃斑病糖尿上眼 ​

Principal Investigator in International multicenter Clinical trials 國際多中心臨床試驗首席研究員：

  • Ripple: (IBE-814-IVT-1): Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of the IBE-814 Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Oedema and Macular Oedema due to Retinal Vein Occlusion - on going (Ripple Therapeutics)

  • RHINE (GR40398): A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active comparator controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RO6867461in patients with diabetic macular edema - (Roche Holding AG)

  • RHONE X: (GR41987) A Multicenter, Open-Label Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Faricimab in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema - (Sponsored by Roche Holding AG)

  • VIVID East: A randomized, double masked, active controlled, phase III study of the efficacy and safety of repeated doses of intravitreal VEGF Trap-Eye in subjects with diabetic macular edema - completed 2016 (Sponsored by Bayer AG)
                                                                              

Retinal Vein Occludion 視網膜靜脈閉塞不能閉塞

  • Balaton (GR41984) A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active comparator controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Faricimab in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion - (Sponsored by Roche Holding AG)

  • Comino (GR41986) A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active comparator controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Faricimab in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion - (Sponsored by Roche Holding AG)

​

Other ongoing Research as Principal Investigator 作為首席研究員的其他正在進行的研究

  • Development and Introduction of 3D digital ophthalmic microsurgery

  • Virtual Reality and Simulator teaching of medical students at the University of Hong Kong

  • Intraocular Lens stability after combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery

  • Vitrectomy cutter efficiency

  • Glaucoma in patients undergoing intraocular injections of anti VEGF for macular diseases

  • Myopia epidemiology related to retinal and macular degeneration

  • Treatment of Recalictrant disease in Age related macular degeneration

​

​

Co-Investigator in International multicenter Clinical trials 國際多中心臨床試驗聯合研究員

Retinopathy of Prematurity 早產兒視網膜病變

  • FireFleye Next: Protocol 20275 - An extension study to evaluate the long-term outcomes of subjects who received treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in Study 20090 - (Alfibercept) (Sponsored by Bayer AG)

  • FireFleye: A randomized, two-arm, phase 3 study to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of intravitreal aflibercept versus laser photocoagulation for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity - (Aflibercept) (Sponsored by Bayer AG Bayer)

Academic Presentations 學術報告

  • COS 2023: Course Trainer STC: Intrascleral Haptic Fixation of IOLs (Yamane technique) & STC: Bi-manual Anterior Vitrectomy (Skills Transfer Course)

  • APAO 2023: Posters: 1. Effect of IOP in intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF using topical beta blocker or prostaglandin inhibitor – a double blinded randomized three arm cross over study & 2. Performance comparison of the 25 gauge 20 000 cpm HYPERVIT Dual Blade vs 10 000 cpm ULTRAVIT vitrectomy cutter

  • ASM 2022: Posters: 1. Comparison of performance between the 25 gauge 20,000 cpm HYPERVIT Dual Blade and 10,000 cpm ULTRAVIT vitrectomy cutter & 2. Preliminary Results: Comparison of different topical anaesthetics for intravitreal injections: a randomised crossover clinical trial & 3. CLOVE Study: Clareon Intraocular lens stability in combined Vitrectomy patients: a prospective, randomised, controlled study & 4. Introduction of Virtual Reality to the Teaching of Direct Ophthalmoscopy for Medical Students at The University of Hong Kong & 5. Treatment of recalcitrant neovascular AMD using brolucizumab – preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial (Winner of Best poster)

  • ASM 2022 Presentation: 1. LOCAL EXPERIENCE OF BROLUCIZUMAB VS AFLIBERCEPT TREATING RECALCITRANT AMD & 2. Faster cutters, from 5,000 to 20,000, is there a difference? & 3. Suprachoroidal Injection: Local Experience & Case Sharing (uveitis session)

  • AGM 2022: College of Ophthalmology Keynote speaker: “Updates in the treatment landscape of DME and nAMD”

  • APES 2022: Invited speaker: HKU/HKWC initial experience of nAMD treatment with Brolucizumab - a practical, local recommendation

  • HKOID 2022: Invited speaker: Age related ocular diseases including macular degeneration

  • Beijing Macular diseases 2022: Invited speaker HKU/HKWC initial experience of nAMD treatment with Brolucizumab - a practical, local recommendation

  • MIMS Case Report interview 2022: Use of brolucizumab in treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

  • MIMS Hong Kong Expert Interview 2022: Optimizing the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

  • ASM 2021: HKU symposium, Invited speaker “Updates on nAMD clinical trials – present to future”

  • ASM 2021: Bayer Symposium, Invited speaker “Local sharing of Treat & Extend in a public hospital: the why and how”

  • ASM 2021: Novartis Symposium, Invited speaker “Unmet need in nAMD and the use of Brolucizumab in Grantham Hospital”

  • Trending topics in retinal diseases management 2021: translation from concept to clinical practice: Invited speaker and presenter Topic "Current developments with dual blockade of Ang-2/VEGF-A”

  • Bayer Ophthalmology virtual meeting 2020: Optimizing nAMD Management: Optimizing outcome in the management of nAMD, invited speaker

  • Expert Discussion 2020: Management of recalcitrant nAMD, Invited speaker for case discussion

  • ASM 2020: Invited speaker - Digital microscope assisted ophthalmic surgery: The Hong Kong Experience

  • WOC 2020: Invited speaker - Trauma Symposium “How to Make the Vitreo-retinal Surgeon's Life Easier in Open Globe Injuries”

  • ASM 2019: Invited speaker - HKU symposium & GBO symposium “juvenile retinoschisis”

  • KRS 2019: Invited speaker - Update on Faricimab phase 2 trial results

  • APVRS 2019: Poster presentation for “Retinal layer characteristics on SD-OCT as predictors of post-operative visual outcome in idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery”

  • Euretina 2019: First Author poster presentation for “A series of ILM transposition for chronic and persistent macula hole by tuck technique” & Surgical video competition “Double needle flange technique for a subluxed IOL in a silicone oil filled giant tear retinal detachment” - placed 3rd for conference popularity

  • ARVO 2019: Co Author poster presentation for “Efficacy of an endocrinologist led specialist care clinic in minimising burden of vision threatening retinopathy in Chinese diabetics”

  • APAO 2019: First Author poster presentation for “Series of ILM Transposition in large, chronic full thickness macula hole”

  • APVRS 2018: Speaker for “ILM Transposition for Chronic full thickness macula hole with previously failed vitrectomy” & “Using OCT to assist in diagnosis and monitor treatment response of ocular lymphoma”

  • Euretina 2018: Speaker / Presenter for “Using OCT to Monitor the treatment of PCNSL with intravitreal Methotrexate”

  • APAO 2018: Invited Speaker in Retina Surgical video case conference - Modified Double needle scleral fixated IOL by flanged technique

  • Euretina 2016: First Author Poster presentation - "To evaluate the effectiveness of the current Hong Kong diabetic maculopathy screening using optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan as reference standard”, “Relationship between outer retinal layers thicknesses and visual acuity in patients with diabetic macular edema”, "A prospective study on morphological features of diabetic maculopathy in relation to patient characteristics”

  • AAO 2014: First Author Poster presentation - Clamp Assisted retractor advancement for lower eyelid involutional entropion

  • WOC 2014: Instruction Course presenter - Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

  • WGC 2013: First Author Poster presentation - Changes in IOP and CCT before, throughout and after hemodialysis

  • APVRS 2013: First Author Poster presentation - Efficacy of single dose of Ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular oedema

Awards 獎項

  1. 2019 Recipient of Outstanding team award for Grantham Hospital, Hospital Authority, as the Team Leader for his work in treatment of Age related macular degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema through introduction of Treat & Extend of intravitreal anti VEGF drugs

  2. 2020 Recipient of Outstanding team award in West Cluster, Hospital Authority, as the Team Leader for his work in treatment of Age related macular degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema through introduction the of Treat & Extend of intravitreal anti VEGF drugs

Published Papers 發表論文

  1. Fung N, Ng D, Wong IY, Wong R, Yip PP, Kwok A, Lam WC, Lai T, Khoramnia R. Expert opinions on benefit-risk profile and clinical use of brolucizumab. Hong Kong J Ophthalmol. 2023Mar.16 [cited 2023Mar.17];27(1)

  2. Li, Y.K., Fung, N.SK*., Chan, J.C. et al. OCTA biomarkers in adults aged 50 and above: a prospective and cross-sectional community-based study. BMC Ophthalmol 23, 71 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02815-6

  3. Wong HL, Fung NSK, Kwok AKH. Brolucizumab and faricimab as new treatment options for diabetic macular edema: perspective. Hong Kong J Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2022Dec.29 [cited 2023Feb.1];26(2).

  4. Wang, Y.; Fung, N.S.K.; Lam, W.-C.; Lo, A.C.Y. mTOR Signalling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071304

  5. Chow, S.C., Lam, P.Y., Lam, W.C., Fung NSK* - The role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in treatment of retinopathy of prematurity - a current review. Eye (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01922-2 (impact factor: 3.899), JCR ranking 12/62

  6. Chow L, Yuk S, Fung N*. Refixation of dislocated intraocular lens using the double needle flanged technique. Hong Kong J Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2021Dec.10 [cited 2022Mar.31];25(2). Available from: https://www.hkjo.hk/index.php/hkjo/article/view/311 - Best Original Article recipient 2022

  7. Lam PY, Chow SC, Lam WC, Chow LLW, Fung NSK*. Management of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Mellitus: Ophthalmologic Outcomes in Intensive versus Conventional Glycemic Control. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:2767-2785 (Impact factor: 2.077) https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S301317 (ranking 39/116)

  8. Kwok AK, Lam W-C, Fong AH, Fung NS, Ho M, Iu LP, Ko CK, Mohamed S, Ng DS, Tang HH, Wong IY, Wong RL, Lai TY, Tsoi C. Recommendations of the treat-and-extend regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 2020 updates. Hong Kong J Ophthalmol [Internet]. 2021Nov.11 [cited 2021Dec.1];25(2)

  9. Danny S. C. Ng, Nicholas S. K. Fung, Fanny L. T. Yip & Timothy Y.Y. Lai (2020) Ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1830969 (Impact Factor: 3.947)

  10. Chow, L.W.L., Fung, N.S.K. & Kwok, K.H.A. Premium intraocular lens implantation in eyes with vitrectomy done. Int Ophthalmol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01478-2

  11. Fung NS, Mak A, Yiu R, Lam WC. Treatment of large, chronic and persistent macular hole with internal limiting membrane transposition and tuck technique, International Journal of Retina and VItreous. DOI : 10.1186/s40942-019-0206-7, IJRV-D-19-00062R1 (3.190 CiteScore)

  12. Wong IY, Fung NS, Timothy YY Lai et al. Treat and extend regimen for management of Neovascular age related macular degeneration: recommendations from the Hong Kong Retina Expert Panel. HKJOphthalmology (2019) Vol 23, No1, 15-19, DOI: 12809/hkjo-v23nl-T&E

  13. Wong IY, Shi X, Gangwani R, Iu LP, Fung NS, Li Q, Ng AL, Li XX. 1-year results of half versus standard dose photodynamic therapy combined with ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Retina (2018) 38(4) 725-730, DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001614. (Impact factor 3.039, ranked 9/56 in Ophthalmology)

  14. Iu LP, Zhao P, Yeung IY, Fung NS, Lee JW, Wong RL, Chong, V, Wong IY. Sequential therapy with ranibizumab and dexamethasone intravitreal implant is better than dexamethasone monotherapy for macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol, 2014 Feb;99(2):210-4. (Impact factor 3.036, ranked 10/56 in Ophthalmology)

  15. Ma KK, Chau WW, Wong CH, Wong K, Fung NS, Lee AJ, Choi CL, Suen DT, Kwong A. Triple negative status is a poor prognostic indicator in Chinese women with breast cancer: a ten year review.  Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(5):2109-14. PMID: 22901178 (Impact factor 2.52)

  16. Li H, Louey JW, Choy KW, Liu DT, Chan WM, Chan YM, Fung NS, Fan BJ, Baum L, Chan JC, Lam DS, Pang CP. EDN1 Lys198Asn is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: Mol Vis 2008 Sep 15; 14:1698-704, PMID 18806884

  17. Seamon JG, Goodkind MS, Dumey AD, Dick E, Aufseeser MS, Strickland SE, Woulfin JR, Fung NS. Effects of encoding attention and practice on accurate and false memory: Mem Cognit 2003 Apr 31 (3):  445-57, PMID 12795486 (Impact factor 2.457)

  18. Seamon JG, Luo CR, Kopecky JJ, Price CA, Rothschld L, Fung NS, Schwartz MA. The effect of retention interval on recall and recognition: Mem Cognit 2002 Oct; 30(7): 1054-64, PMID 12507370 (Impact factor 2.457)

Publications 出版物

Clinical trials as Investigator 臨床試驗研究員：

  1. Wykoff, Charles CAaberg, Thomas et al. , Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials, The Lancet, Volume 399, Issue 10326, 741 – 755

  2. Heier, Jeffrey SAbbey, Ashkan et al. Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials, The Lancet, Volume 399, Issue 10326, 729 – 740

  3. Stahl A, Sukgen EA, Wu W, et al. Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept vs Laser Photocoagulation on Treatment Success of Retinopathy of Prematurity: The FIREFLEYE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022;328(4):348–359. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.10564

  4. Khurana RN, Kunimoto D, Yoon YH, Wykoff CC, Chang A, Maturi RK, Agostini H, Souied E, Chow DR, Lotery AJ, Ohji M, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, Li XY, Jiao J, Le G, Kim K, Schmidt W, Hashad Y; CEDAR and SEQUOIA Study Groups. Two-Year Results of the Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Study of Abicipar in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2021 Jul;128(7):1027-1038. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.11.017. Epub 2020 Nov 19. PMID: 33221326.

  5. Kunimoto D, Yoon YH, Wykoff CC, Chang A, Khurana RN, Maturi RK, Agostini H, Souied E, Chow DR, Lotery AJ, Ohji M, Bandello F, Belfort R Jr, Li XY, Jiao J, Le G, Schmidt W, Hashad Y; CEDAR and SEQUOIA Study Groups. Efficacy and Safety of Abicipar in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 52-Week Results of Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Study. Ophthalmology. 2020 Oct;127(10):1331-1344. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.03.035. Epub 2020 Apr 9. PMID: 32471729.

  6. Lee WK, Iida T, Ogura Y, Chen SJ, Wong TY, Mitchell P, Cheung GCM, Zhang Z, Leal S, Ishibashi T; PLANET Investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in the PLANET Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul 1;136(7):786-793. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1804. Erratum in: JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul 1;136(7):840. PMID: 29801063; PMCID: PMC6136040.

  7. Wong TY, Ogura Y, Lee WK, Iida T, Chen SJ, Mitchell P, Gemmy Cheung CM, Zhang Z, Leal S, Ishibashi T; PLANET Investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Two-Year Results of the Aflibercept in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug;204:80-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.027. Epub 2019 Mar 6. PMID: 30849345.

  8. Koh A, Lai TYY, Takahashi K, et al; for the EVEREST II study group. Efficacy and safety of ranibizumab with or without verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(11):1206-1213.

  9. Lim TH, Lai TYY, Takahashi K, et al. Comparison of Ranibizumab With or Without Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: The EVEREST II Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(9):935–942. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2443

  10. Chen YX, Li XX, Yoon YH, Sun X, Astakhov Y, Xu G, Wang H, Ren X, Asmus F; VIVID-East investigators. Intravitreal Aflibercept versus Laser Photocoagulation in Asian Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: The VIVID-East Study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020 Mar 9;14:741-750. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S235267. PMID: 32210527; PMCID: PMC7069586.

bottom of page